Solana基础 - 如何计算交易成本

交易所需的签名数量用于计算交易成本。只要您不创建帐户，这将是基本交易成本。要了解有关创建帐户成本的更多信息，请查看计算租金成本。

web3.js v2

import {
  airdropFactory,
  appendTransactionMessageInstructions,
  compileTransactionMessage,
  createSignerFromKeyPair,
  createSolanaRpc,
  createSolanaRpcSubscriptions,
  createTransactionMessage,
  devnet,
  generateKeyPairSigner,
  getBase64Decoder,
  getCompiledTransactionMessageEncoder,
  getComputeUnitEstimateForTransactionMessageFactory,
  getSignatureFromTransaction,
  lamports,
  pipe,
  prependTransactionMessageInstructions,
  sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory,
  setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,
  setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,
  signTransactionMessageWithSigners,
  type TransactionMessageBytesBase64,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
  getSetComputeUnitLimitInstruction,
  getSetComputeUnitPriceInstruction,
} from "@solana-program/compute-budget";
import { getAddMemoInstruction } from "@solana-program/memo";
import { loadDefaultKeypairWithAirdrop } from "./CreateKeypair";

async function calculateCost(message: string) {
  // Create an RPC.
  const CLUSTER = "devnet";
  const rpc = createSolanaRpc(devnet(`https://api.${CLUSTER}.solana.com`));
  const rpcSubscriptions = createSolanaRpcSubscriptions(
    devnet(`wss://api.${CLUSTER}.solana.com`),
  );

  // Create a utility that estimates a transaction message's compute consumption.
  const getComputeUnitEstimate =
    getComputeUnitEstimateForTransactionMessageFactory({ rpc });

  // Create a transaction sending function.
  const sendAndConfirmTransaction = sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({
    rpc,
    rpcSubscriptions,
  });

  // Create an airdrop function.
  const airdrop = airdropFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions });

  // Create and fund an account.
  const signer = await generateKeyPairSigner();
  console.log("Created an account with address", signer.address);
  console.log("Requesting airdrop");
  await airdrop({
    commitment: "confirmed",
    lamports: lamports(1000_000n),
    recipientAddress: signer.address,
  });
  console.log("Airdrop confirmed");

  // Create a memo transaction.
  console.log("Creating a memo transaction");
  const { value: latestBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();
  const transactionMessage = pipe(
    createTransactionMessage({ version: "legacy" }),
    m => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(signer, m),
    m => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, m),
    m =>
      appendTransactionMessageInstructions(
        [
          getSetComputeUnitPriceInstruction({ microLamports: 5000n }),
          getAddMemoInstruction({ memo: message }),
        ],
        m,
      ),
  );

  // Figure out how many compute units to budget for this transaction
  // so that you can right-size the compute budget to maximize the
  // chance that it will be selected for inclusion into a block.
  console.log("Estimating the compute consumption of the transaction");
  const estimatedComputeUnits =
    await getComputeUnitEstimate(transactionMessage);
  console.log(
    `Transaction is estimated to consume ${estimatedComputeUnits} compute units`,
  );

  const budgetedTransactionMessage = prependTransactionMessageInstructions(
    [getSetComputeUnitLimitInstruction({ units: estimatedComputeUnits })],
    transactionMessage,
  );

  const base64EncodedMessage = pipe(
    // Start with the message you want the fee for.
    budgetedTransactionMessage,

    // Compile it.
    compileTransactionMessage,

    // Convert the compiled message into a byte array.
    getCompiledTransactionMessageEncoder().encode,

    // Encode that byte array as a base64 string.
    getBase64Decoder().decode,
  ) as TransactionMessageBytesBase64;

  const transactionCost = await rpc
    .getFeeForMessage(base64EncodedMessage)
    .send();

  console.log(
    "Transaction is estimated to cost " + transactionCost.value + " lamports",
  );

  // Sign and send the transaction.
  console.log("Signing and sending the transaction");
  const signedTx = await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(
    budgetedTransactionMessage,
  );
  const signature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTx);
  console.log(
    "Sending transaction https://explorer.solana.com/tx/" +
      signature +
      "/?cluster=" +
      CLUSTER,
  );
  await sendAndConfirmTransaction(signedTx, { commitment: "confirmed" });
  console.log("Transaction confirmed");
  // Transaction is estimated to consume 6236 compute units
  // Transaction is estimated to cost 5032 lamports
}

calculateCost("Hello, Fees!");

web3.js v1

import {
  clusterApiUrl,
  Connection,
  Keypair,
  Message,
  SystemProgram,
  SYSTEM_INSTRUCTION_LAYOUTS,
  Transaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import bs58 from "bs58";

(async () => {
  // Connect to cluster
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  const payer = Keypair.generate();
  const recipient = Keypair.generate();

  const type = SYSTEM_INSTRUCTION_LAYOUTS.Transfer;
  const data = Buffer.alloc(type.layout.span);
  const layoutFields = Object.assign({ instruction: type.index });
  type.layout.encode(layoutFields, data);

  const recentBlockhash = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();

  const messageParams = {
    accountKeys: [
      payer.publicKey.toString(),
      recipient.publicKey.toString(),
      SystemProgram.programId.toString(),
    ],
    header: {
      numReadonlySignedAccounts: 0,
      numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts: 1,
      numRequiredSignatures: 1,
    },
    instructions: [
      {
        accounts: [0, 1],
        data: bs58.encode(data),
        programIdIndex: 2,
      },
    ],
    recentBlockhash: recentBlockhash.blockhash,
  };

  const message = new Message(messageParams);

  const fees = await connection.getFeeForMessage(message);
  console.log(`Estimated SOL transfer cost: ${fees.value} lamports`);
  // Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports
})();

https://solana.com/zh/developers/cookbook/transactions/calculate-cost