Solana基础 - 如何进行跨程序调用

2025-03-19 15:25:08

跨程序调用，简单地说就是在我们的程序中调用另一个程序的指令。最好的例子就是 Uniswap 的swap 功能。UniswapV2Router合约调用交换所需的逻辑，并调用ERC20合约的转移函数从一个人转移到另一个人。同样，我们可以调用程序的指令来实现多种用途。
让我们看一下第一个示例，即 SPL Token Program's transfer指令。进行转账所需的账户是

  • 源代币账户（我们持有代币的账户）
  • 目标代币账户（我们将把代币转移到的账户）
  • 源代币账户的持有人（我们将要签名的钱包地址）
use solana_program::{
    account_info::{next_account_info, AccountInfo},
    entrypoint,
    entrypoint::ProgramResult,
    msg,
    program::invoke,
    program_error::ProgramError,
    pubkey::Pubkey,
};
use spl_token::instruction::transfer;

entrypoint!(process_instruction);

// Accounts required
/// 1. [writable] Source Token Account
/// 2. [writable] Destination Token Account
/// 3. [signer] Source Token Account holder's PubKey
/// 4. [] Token Program
pub fn process_instruction(
    _program_id: &Pubkey,
    accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    instruction_data: &[u8],
) -> ProgramResult {
    let accounts_iter = &mut accounts.iter();

    // Accounts required for token transfer

    // 1. Token account we hold
    let source_token_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
    // 2. Token account to send to
    let destination_token_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
    // 3. Our wallet address
    let source_token_account_holder = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
    // 4. Token Program
    let token_program = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;

    // Parsing the token transfer amount from instruction data
    // a. Getting the 0th to 8th index of the u8 byte array
    // b. Converting the obtained non zero u8 to a proper u8 (as little endian integers)
    // c. Converting the little endian integers to a u64 number
    let token_transfer_amount = instruction_data
        .get(..8)
        .and_then(|slice| slice.try_into().ok())
        .map(u64::from_le_bytes)
        .ok_or(ProgramError::InvalidAccountData)?;

    msg!(
        "Transferring {} tokens from {} to {}",
        token_transfer_amount,
        source_token_account.key.to_string(),
        destination_token_account.key.to_string()
    );

    // Creating a new TransactionInstruction
    /*
        Internal representation of the instruction's return value (Result<Instruction, ProgramError>)

        Ok(Instruction {
            program_id: *token_program_id, // PASSED FROM USER
            accounts,
            data,
        })
    */

    let transfer_tokens_instruction = transfer(
        &token_program.key,
        &source_token_account.key,
        &destination_token_account.key,
        &source_token_account_holder.key,
        &[&source_token_account_holder.key],
        token_transfer_amount,
    )?;

    let required_accounts_for_transfer = [
        source_token_account.clone(),
        destination_token_account.clone(),
        source_token_account_holder.clone(),
    ];

    // Passing the TransactionInstruction to send
    invoke(
        &transfer_tokens_instruction,
        &required_accounts_for_transfer,
    )?;

    msg!("Transfer successful");

    Ok(())
}

相应的客户端指令如下。有关铸造和代币创建的指令，请参阅附近的完整代码。

import {
  clusterApiUrl,
  Connection,
  Keypair,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
  PublicKey,
  SystemProgram,
  sendAndConfirmTransaction
  Transaction,
  TransactionInstruction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
  AccountLayout,
  MintLayout,
  Token,
  TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
  u64,
} from "@solana/spl-token";

import * as BN from "bn.js";

// Users
const PAYER_KEYPAIR = Keypair.generate();
const RECEIVER_KEYPAIR = Keypair.generate().publicKey;

// Mint and token accounts
const TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT = Keypair.generate();
const SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT = Keypair.generate();
const DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT = Keypair.generate();

// Numbers
const DEFAULT_DECIMALS_COUNT = 9;
const TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT = 50 * 10 ** DEFAULT_DECIMALS_COUNT;
const TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT_BUFFER = Buffer.from(
  Uint8Array.of(...new BN(TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT).toArray("le", 8))
);

(async () => {
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
  const programId = new PublicKey(
    "EfYK91eN3AqTwY1C34W6a33qGAtQ8HJYVhNv7cV4uMZj"
  );

  const mintDataSpace = MintLayout.span;
  const mintRentRequired = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(
    mintDataSpace
  );

  const tokenDataSpace = AccountLayout.span;
  const tokenRentRequired = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(
    tokenDataSpace
  );

  // Airdropping 1 SOL
  const feePayer = Keypair.generate();
  await connection.confirmTransaction({
      blockhash: latestBlockHash.blockhash,
      lastValidBlockHeight: latestBlockHash.lastValidBlockHeight,
      signature: await connection.requestAirdrop(feePayer.publicKey, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL),
    },
    'confirmed',
  );


  // Allocating space and rent for mint account
  const createMintAccountIx = SystemProgram.createAccount({
    fromPubkey: PAYER_KEYPAIR.publicKey,
    lamports: mintRentRequired,
    newAccountPubkey: TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT.publicKey,
    programId: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
    space: mintDataSpace,
  });

  // Initializing mint with decimals and authority
  const initializeMintIx = Token.createInitMintInstruction(
    TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
    TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT.publicKey,
    DEFAULT_DECIMALS_COUNT,
    PAYER_KEYPAIR.publicKey, // mintAuthority
    PAYER_KEYPAIR.publicKey // freezeAuthority
  );

  // Allocating space and rent for source token account
  const createSourceTokenAccountIx = SystemProgram.createAccount({
    fromPubkey: PAYER_KEYPAIR.publicKey,
    newAccountPubkey: SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT.publicKey,
    lamports: tokenRentRequired,
    programId: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
    space: tokenDataSpace,
  });

  // Initializing token account with mint and owner
  const initializeSourceTokenAccountIx = Token.createInitAccountInstruction(
    TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
    TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT.publicKey,
    SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT.publicKey,
    PAYER_KEYPAIR.publicKey
  );

  // Minting tokens to the source token account for transferring later to destination account
  const mintTokensIx = Token.createMintToInstruction(
    TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
    TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT.publicKey,
    SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT.publicKey,
    PAYER_KEYPAIR.publicKey,
    [PAYER_KEYPAIR],
    TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT
  );

  // Allocating space and rent for destination token account
  const createDestinationTokenAccountIx = SystemProgram.createAccount({
    fromPubkey: PAYER_KEYPAIR.publicKey,
    newAccountPubkey: DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT.publicKey,
    lamports: tokenRentRequired,
    programId: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
    space: tokenDataSpace,
  });

  // Initializing token account with mint and owner
  const initializeDestinationTokenAccountIx =
    Token.createInitAccountInstruction(
      TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
      TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT.publicKey,
      DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT.publicKey,
      RECEIVER_KEYPAIR
    );

  // Our program's CPI instruction (transfer)
  const transferTokensIx = new TransactionInstruction({
    programId: programId,
    data: TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT_BUFFER,
    keys: [
      {
        isSigner: false,
        isWritable: true,
        pubkey: SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT.publicKey,
      },
      {
        isSigner: false,
        isWritable: true,
        pubkey: DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT.publicKey,
      },
      {
        isSigner: true,
        isWritable: true,
        pubkey: PAYER_KEYPAIR.publicKey,
      },
      {
        isSigner: false,
        isWritable: false,
        pubkey: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
      },
    ],
  });

  const transaction = new Transaction();
  // Adding up all the above instructions
  transaction.add(
    createMintAccountIx,
    initializeMintIx,
    createSourceTokenAccountIx,
    initializeSourceTokenAccountIx,
    mintTokensIx,
    createDestinationTokenAccountIx,
    initializeDestinationTokenAccountIx,
    transferTokensIx
  );

  const txHash = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [
    PAYER_KEYPAIR,
    TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT,
    SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT,
    DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT,
  ]);

  console.log(`Token transfer CPI success: ${txHash}`);
})();

现在让我们看另一个例子，即 System Program's create_account指令。上面提到的指令和这个指令之间有一点不同。在那里，我们从来不需要将token_program作为函数内部的一个帐户传递invoke。但是，也有例外，你需要传递调用指令的program_id。在我们的例子中，它将是System Program's program_id。（“1111111111111111111111111111111111111”）。所以现在所需的帐户将是

  1. 支付租金的付款人账户
  2. 即将创建的账户
  3. 系统程序帐户
use solana_program::{
    account_info::{next_account_info, AccountInfo},
    entrypoint,
    entrypoint::ProgramResult,
    msg,
    program::invoke,
    program_error::ProgramError,
    pubkey::Pubkey,
    rent::Rent,
    system_instruction::create_account,
    sysvar::Sysvar,
};

entrypoint!(process_instruction);

// Accounts required
/// 1. [signer, writable] Payer Account
/// 2. [signer, writable] General State Account
/// 3. [] System Program
pub fn process_instruction(
    program_id: &Pubkey,
    accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    instruction_data: &[u8],
) -> ProgramResult {
    let accounts_iter = &mut accounts.iter();

    // Accounts required for token transfer

    // 1. Payer account for the state account creation
    let payer_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
    // 2. Token account we hold
    let general_state_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
    // 3. System Program
    let system_program = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;

    msg!(
        "Creating account for {}",
        general_state_account.key.to_string()
    );

    // Parsing the token transfer amount from instruction data
    // a. Getting the 0th to 8th index of the u8 byte array
    // b. Converting the obtained non zero u8 to a proper u8 (as little endian integers)
    // c. Converting the little endian integers to a u64 number
    let account_span = instruction_data
        .get(..8)
        .and_then(|slice| slice.try_into().ok())
        .map(u64::from_le_bytes)
        .ok_or(ProgramError::InvalidAccountData)?;

    let lamports_required = (Rent::get()?).minimum_balance(account_span as usize);

    // Creating a new TransactionInstruction
    /*
        Internal representation of the instruction's return value (Instruction)

        Instruction::new_with_bincode(
            system_program::id(), // NOT PASSED FROM USER
            &SystemInstruction::CreateAccount {
                lamports,
                space,
                owner: *owner,
            },
            account_metas,
        )
    */

    let create_account_instruction = create_account(
        &payer_account.key,
        &general_state_account.key,
        lamports_required,
        account_span,
        program_id,
    );

    let required_accounts_for_create = [
        payer_account.clone(),
        general_state_account.clone(),
        system_program.clone(),
    ];

    // Passing the TransactionInstruction to send (with the issued program_id)
    invoke(&create_account_instruction, &required_accounts_for_create)?;

    msg!("Transfer successful");

    Ok(())
}

相应的客户端代码如下所示

import { clusterApiUrl, Connection, Keypair } from "@solana/web3.js";
import { LAMPORTS_PER_SOL, PublicKey, SystemProgram } from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
  Transaction,
  TransactionInstruction,
  sendAndConfirmTransaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";

import * as BN from "bn.js";

// Users
const PAYER_KEYPAIR = Keypair.generate();
const GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR = Keypair.generate();

const ACCOUNT_SPACE_BUFFER = Buffer.from(
  Uint8Array.of(...new BN(100).toArray("le", 8)),
);

(async () => {
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
  const latestBlockHash = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();
  const programId = new PublicKey(
    "DkuQ5wsndkzXfgqDB6Lgf4sDjBi4gkLSak1dM5Mn2RuQ",
  );

  // Airdropping 1 SOL
  const feePayer = Keypair.generate();
  await connection.confirmTransaction(
    {
      blockhash: latestBlockHash.blockhash,
      lastValidBlockHeight: latestBlockHash.lastValidBlockHeight,
      signature: await connection.requestAirdrop(
        feePayer.publicKey,
        LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
      ),
    },
    "confirmed",
  );

  // Our program's CPI instruction (create_account)
  const createAccountIx = new TransactionInstruction({
    programId: programId,
    data: ACCOUNT_SPACE_BUFFER,
    keys: [
      {
        isSigner: true,
        isWritable: true,
        pubkey: PAYER_KEYPAIR.publicKey,
      },
      {
        isSigner: true,
        isWritable: true,
        pubkey: GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR.publicKey,
      },
      {
        isSigner: false,
        isWritable: false,
        pubkey: SystemProgram.programId,
      },
    ],
  });

  const transaction = new Transaction();
  // Adding up all the above instructions
  transaction.add(createAccountIx);

  const txHash = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [
    PAYER_KEYPAIR,
    GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR,
  ]);

  console.log(`Create Account CPI Success: ${txHash}`);
})();

https://solana.com/zh/developers/cookbook/programs/cross-program-invocation

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