ABI (Application Binary Interface,应用二进制接口)是与以太坊智能合约交互的标准。数据基于他们的类型编码;并且由于编码后不包含类型信息,解码时需要注明它们的类型。

Solidity中,ABI编码有4个函数:abi.encode, abi.encodePacked, abi.encodeWithSignature, abi.encodeWithSelector。而ABI解码有1个函数:abi.decode,用于解码abi.encode的数据。这一讲,我们将学习如何使用这些函数。

ABI编码

我们将用编码4个变量,他们的类型分别是uint256, address, string, uint256[2]:

uint x = 10;
address addr = 0x7A58c0Be72BE218B41C608b7Fe7C5bB630736C71;
string name = "0xAA";
uint[2] array = [5, 6];

abi.encode

将给定参数利用ABI规则编码。ABI被设计出来跟智能合约交互,他将每个参数转填充为32字节的数据,并拼接在一起。如果你要和合约交互,你要用的就是abi.encode。

 function encode() public view returns(bytes memory result) {
     result = abi.encode(x, addr, name, array);
 }

编码的结果为

0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a0000000000000000000000007a58c0be72be218b41c608b7fe7c5bb630736c7100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000043078414100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

由于abi.encode将每个数据都填充为32字节,中间有很多0。

abi.encodePacked

将给定参数根据其所需最低空间编码。它类似 abi.encode,但是会把其中填充的很多0省略。比如,只用1字节来编码uint类型。当你想省空间,并且不与合约交互的时候,可以使用abi.encodePacked,例如算一些数据的hash时。

 function encodePacked() public view returns(bytes memory result) {
     result = abi.encodePacked(x, addr, name, array);
 }

编码的结果为

0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a7a58c0be72be218b41c608b7fe7c5bb630736c713078414100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000050000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006

由于abi.encodePacked对编码进行了压缩,长度比abi.encode短很多。

abi.encodeWithSignature

与abi.encode功能类似,只不过第一个参数为函数签名,比如"foo(uint256,address)"。当调用其他合约的时候可以使用。

 function encodeWithSignature() public view returns(bytes memory result) {
     result = abi.encodeWithSignature("foo(uint256,address,string,uint256[2])", x, addr, name, array);
 }

编码的结果为

0xe87082f1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a0000000000000000000000007a58c0be72be218b41c608b7fe7c5bb630736c7100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000043078414100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

等同于在abi.encode编码结果前加上了4字节的函数选择器。

abi.encodeWithSelector

与abi.encodeWithSignature功能类似,只不过第一个参数为函数选择器,为函数签名Keccak哈希的前4个字节。

function encodeWithSelector() public view returns(bytes memory result) {
    result = abi.encodeWithSelector(bytes4(keccak256("foo(uint256,address,string,uint256[2])")), x, addr, name, array);
}

编码的结果为

0xe87082f1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a0000000000000000000000007a58c0be72be218b41c608b7fe7c5bb630736c7100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000043078414100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

与abi.encodeWithSignature结果一样

ABI解码

abi.decode

abi.decode用于解码abi.encode生成的二进制编码,将它还原成原本的参数。

function decode(bytes memory data) public pure returns(uint dx, address daddr, string memory dname, uint[2] memory darray) {
    (dx, daddr, dname, darray) = abi.decode(data, (uint, address, string, uint[2]));
}

我们将abi.encode的二进制编码输入给decode,将解码出原来的参数:

总结

在以太坊中,数据必须编码成字节码才能和智能合约交互。这一讲,我们介绍了4种abi编码方法和1种abi解码方法。

转载自:https://mirror.xyz/wtfacademy.eth/jXJnvwkoQzvJaqVIxagxneSZim6Qxm-StuNNxLuKuw8