Solana基础 - 如何在程序中获取时钟

获取时钟（即当前时间）可以通过两种方式完成：

传递SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY指令
在指令内部直接访问时钟。

了解这两种方法是很有好处的，因为一些遗留程序仍然需要将其SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY作为一个帐户。

在指令中将 Clock 作为账户传递

让我们创建一个接收初始化帐户和 sysvar 公钥的指令

use borsh::{BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize};
use solana_program::{
    account_info::{next_account_info, AccountInfo},
    clock::Clock,
    entrypoint,
    entrypoint::ProgramResult,
    msg,
    pubkey::Pubkey,
    sysvar::Sysvar,
};

entrypoint!(process_instruction);

#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]
pub struct HelloState {
    is_initialized: bool,
}

// Accounts required
/// 1. [signer, writable] Payer
/// 2. [writable] Hello state account
/// 3. [] Clock sys var
pub fn process_instruction(
    _program_id: &Pubkey,
    accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    _instruction_data: &[u8],
) -> ProgramResult {
    let accounts_iter = &mut accounts.iter();
    // Payer account
    let _payer_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
    // Hello state account
    let hello_state_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
    // Clock sysvar
    let sysvar_clock_pubkey = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;

    let mut hello_state = HelloState::try_from_slice(&hello_state_account.data.borrow())?;
    hello_state.is_initialized = true;
    hello_state.serialize(&mut &mut hello_state_account.data.borrow_mut()[..])?;
    msg!("Account initialized :)");

    // Type casting [AccountInfo] to [Clock]
    let clock = Clock::from_account_info(&sysvar_clock_pubkey)?;
    // Getting timestamp
    let current_timestamp = clock.unix_timestamp;
    msg!("Current Timestamp: {}", current_timestamp);

    Ok(())
}

现在我们通过客户端传递时钟的 sysvar 公共地址

import {
  clusterApiUrl,
  Connection,
  Keypair,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
  PublicKey,
  SystemProgram,
  SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY,
  Transaction,
  TransactionInstruction,
  sendAndConfirmTransaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  const programId = new PublicKey(
    "77ezihTV6mTh2Uf3ggwbYF2NyGJJ5HHah1GrdowWJVD3",
  );

  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
  const latestBlockHash = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();

  // Airdropping 1 SOL
  const feePayer = Keypair.generate();
  await connection.confirmTransaction(
    {
      blockhash: latestBlockHash.blockhash,
      lastValidBlockHeight: latestBlockHash.lastValidBlockHeight,
      signature: await connection.requestAirdrop(
        feePayer.publicKey,
        LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
      ),
    },
    "confirmed",
  );

  // Hello state account
  const helloAccount = Keypair.generate();

  const accountSpace = 1; // because there exists just one boolean variable
  const rentRequired =
    await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(accountSpace);

  // Allocating space for hello state account
  const allocateHelloAccountIx = SystemProgram.createAccount({
    fromPubkey: feePayer.publicKey,
    lamports: rentRequired,
    newAccountPubkey: helloAccount.publicKey,
    programId: programId,
    space: accountSpace,
  });

  // Passing Clock Sys Var
  const passClockIx = new TransactionInstruction({
    programId: programId,
    keys: [
      {
        isSigner: true,
        isWritable: true,
        pubkey: feePayer.publicKey,
      },
      {
        isSigner: false,
        isWritable: true,
        pubkey: helloAccount.publicKey,
      },
      {
        isSigner: false,
        isWritable: false,
        pubkey: SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY,
      },
    ],
  });

  const transaction = new Transaction();
  transaction.add(allocateHelloAccountIx, passClockIx);

  const txHash = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [
    feePayer,
    helloAccount,
  ]);

  console.log(`Transaction succeeded. TxHash: ${txHash}`);
})();

直接在指令内部访问时钟

让我们创建相同的指令，但不期望 SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY来自客户端。

use borsh::{BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize};
use solana_program::{
    account_info::{next_account_info, AccountInfo},
    clock::Clock,
    entrypoint,
    entrypoint::ProgramResult,
    msg,
    pubkey::Pubkey,
    sysvar::Sysvar,
};

entrypoint!(process_instruction);

#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]
pub struct HelloState {
    is_initialized: bool,
}

// Accounts required
/// 1. [signer, writable] Payer
/// 2. [writable] Hello state account
pub fn process_instruction(
    _program_id: &Pubkey,
    accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    _instruction_data: &[u8],
) -> ProgramResult {
    let accounts_iter = &mut accounts.iter();
    // Payer account
    let _payer_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
    // Hello state account
    let hello_state_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;

    // Getting clock directly
    let clock = Clock::get()?;

    let mut hello_state = HelloState::try_from_slice(&hello_state_account.data.borrow())?;
    hello_state.is_initialized = true;
    hello_state.serialize(&mut &mut hello_state_account.data.borrow_mut()[..])?;
    msg!("Account initialized :)");

    // Getting timestamp
    let current_timestamp = clock.unix_timestamp;
    msg!("Current Timestamp: {}", current_timestamp);

    Ok(())
}

客户端指令现在只需要传递州和付款人账户。

import {
  clusterApiUrl,
  Connection,
  Keypair,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
  PublicKey,
  SystemProgram,
  Transaction,
  TransactionInstruction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  const programId = new PublicKey(
    "4ZEdbCtb5UyCSiAMHV5eSHfyjq3QwbG3yXb6oHD7RYjk",
  );

  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
  const latestBlockHash = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();

  // Airdropping 1 SOL
  const feePayer = Keypair.generate();
  await connection.confirmTransaction(
    {
      blockhash: latestBlockHash.blockhash,
      lastValidBlockHeight: latestBlockHash.lastValidBlockHeight,
      signature: await connection.requestAirdrop(
        feePayer.publicKey,
        LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
      ),
    },
    "confirmed",
  );

  // Hello state account
  const helloAccount = Keypair.generate();

  const accountSpace = 1; // because there exists just one boolean variable
  const rentRequired =
    await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(accountSpace);

  // Allocating space for hello state account
  const allocateHelloAccountIx = SystemProgram.createAccount({
    fromPubkey: feePayer.publicKey,
    lamports: rentRequired,
    newAccountPubkey: helloAccount.publicKey,
    programId: programId,
    space: accountSpace,
  });

  const initIx = new TransactionInstruction({
    programId: programId,
    keys: [
      {
        isSigner: true,
        isWritable: true,
        pubkey: feePayer.publicKey,
      },
      {
        isSigner: false,
        isWritable: true,
        pubkey: helloAccount.publicKey,
      },
    ],
  });

  const transaction = new Transaction();
  transaction.add(allocateHelloAccountIx, initIx);

  const txHash = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [
    feePayer,
    helloAccount,
  ]);

  console.log(`Transaction succeeded. TxHash: ${txHash}`);
})();

https://solana.com/zh/developers/cookbook/programs/clock

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