要创建离线交易，您必须对该交易进行签名，然后任何人都可以将其在网络上广播。
import {
clusterApiUrl,
Connection,
Keypair,
Transaction,
SystemProgram,
LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
Message,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import * as nacl from "tweetnacl";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";
// To complete an offline transaction, I will separate them into four steps
// 1. Create Transaction
// 2. Sign Transaction
// 3. Recover Transaction
// 4. Send Transaction
(async () => {
// create connection
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
// create an example tx, alice transfer to bob and feePayer is `feePayer`
// alice and feePayer are signer in this tx
const feePayer = Keypair.generate();
await connection.confirmTransaction(
await connection.requestAirdrop(feePayer.publicKey, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL),
);
const alice = Keypair.generate();
await connection.confirmTransaction(
await connection.requestAirdrop(alice.publicKey, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL),
);
const bob = Keypair.generate();
// 1. Create Transaction
let tx = new Transaction().add(
SystemProgram.transfer({
fromPubkey: alice.publicKey,
toPubkey: bob.publicKey,
lamports: 0.1 * LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
}),
);
tx.recentBlockhash = (await connection.getRecentBlockhash()).blockhash;
tx.feePayer = feePayer.publicKey;
let realDataNeedToSign = tx.serializeMessage(); // the real data singer need to sign.
// 2. Sign Transaction
// use any lib you like, the main idea is to use ed25519 to sign it.
// the return signature should be 64 bytes.
let feePayerSignature = nacl.sign.detached(
realDataNeedToSign,
feePayer.secretKey,
);
let aliceSignature = nacl.sign.detached(realDataNeedToSign, alice.secretKey);
// 3. Recover Transaction
// you can verify signatures before you recovering the transaction
let verifyFeePayerSignatureResult = nacl.sign.detached.verify(
realDataNeedToSign,
feePayerSignature,
feePayer.publicKey.toBytes(), // you should use the raw pubkey (32 bytes) to verify
);
console.log(`verify feePayer signature: ${verifyFeePayerSignatureResult}`);
let verifyAliceSignatureResult = nacl.sign.detached.verify(
realDataNeedToSign,
aliceSignature,
alice.publicKey.toBytes(),
);
console.log(`verify alice signature: ${verifyAliceSignatureResult}`);
// there are two ways you can recover the tx
// 3.a Recover Transaction (use populate then addSignature)
{
let recoverTx = Transaction.populate(Message.from(realDataNeedToSign));
recoverTx.addSignature(feePayer.publicKey, Buffer.from(feePayerSignature));
recoverTx.addSignature(alice.publicKey, Buffer.from(aliceSignature));
// 4. Send transaction
console.log(
`txhash: ${await connection.sendRawTransaction(recoverTx.serialize())}`,
);
}
// or
// 3.b. Recover Transaction (use populate with signature)
{
let recoverTx = Transaction.populate(Message.from(realDataNeedToSign), [
bs58.encode(feePayerSignature),
bs58.encode(aliceSignature),
]);
// 4. Send transaction
console.log(
`txhash: ${await connection.sendRawTransaction(recoverTx.serialize())}`,
);
}
// if this process takes too long, your recent blockhash will expire (after 150 blocks).
// you can use `durable nonce` to get rid of it.
})();https://solana.com/zh/developers/cookbook/transactions/offline-transactions