import { createUmi } from "@metaplex-foundation/umi-bundle-defaults";
import {
  createSignerFromKeypair,
  generateSigner,
  signerIdentity,
} from "@metaplex-foundation/umi";
import {
  fetchDigitalAsset,
  mplTokenMetadata,
} from "@metaplex-foundation/mpl-token-metadata";
import { PublicKey } from "@metaplex-foundation/js";

(async () => {
  try {
    // Create a UMI instance
    const umi = createUmi("https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com");

    // Use the mplTokenMetadata plugin
    umi.use(mplTokenMetadata());

    // Generate a new keypair (you can replace this with your own keypair if needed)
    const keypair = generateSigner(umi);
    umi.use(signerIdentity(createSignerFromKeypair(umi, keypair)));

    // The mint address of the NFT you want to fetch
    const mintAddress = new PublicKey(
      "Ay1U9DWphDgc7hq58Yj1yHabt91zTzvV2YJbAWkPNbaK",
    );

    console.log("Fetching NFT metadata...");
    const asset = await fetchDigitalAsset(umi, mintAddress);

    console.log("NFT Metadata:");

    // If you want to access specific metadata fields:
    console.log("\nName:", asset.metadata.name);
    console.log("Symbol:", asset.metadata.symbol);
    console.log("URI:", asset.metadata.uri);

    // Fetch and log the JSON metadata
    if (asset.metadata.uri) {
      const response = await fetch(asset.metadata.uri);
      const jsonMetadata = await response.json();
      console.log("\nJSON Metadata:");
      console.log(JSON.stringify(jsonMetadata, null, 2));
    }
  } catch (error) {
    console.error("Error:", error);
  }
})();

https://solana.com/zh/developers/cookbook/tokens/fetch-nft-metadata

要创建 NFT，您必须

• 将图像上传到 IPFS（例如 Arweave）
• 将 JSON 元数据上传到 Arweave 或类似的存储服务。
• 调用 metaplex 为 NFT 创建账户

上传至 Arweave

import fs from "node:fs";
import Arweave from "arweave";

(async () => {
  const arweave = Arweave.init({
    host: "localhost",
    port: 1984,
    protocol: "http",
    timeout: 20000,
    logging: false,
  });

  const host = arweave.getConfig().api.host;
  const port = arweave.getConfig().api.port;
  const protocol = arweave.getConfig().api.protocol;

  // Upload image to Arweave
  const data = fs.readFileSync("./code/nfts/upload-arweave/lowres-dog.png");

  const transaction = await arweave.createTransaction({
    data: data,
  });

  transaction.addTag("Content-Type", "image/png");

  // Instead of generating a new wallet, you can use an existing one from your file system
  // useful in production environments
  // const wallet = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync("./code/nfts/upload-arweave/wallet.json", "utf-8"))
  const wallet = await arweave.wallets.generate();
  const address = await arweave.wallets.getAddress(wallet);
  console.log("address:", address);

  await arweave.api.get(`/mint/${encodeURI(addr)}/10000000000000000`);
  await arweave.transactions.sign(transaction, wallet);

  const response = await arweave.transactions.post(transaction);
  console.log(response);

  const id = transaction.id;
  const imageUrl = id ? `${protocol}://${host}:${port}/${id}` : null;
  console.log("imageUrl", imageUrl);

  // Upload metadata to Arweave

  const metadata = {
    name: "Custom NFT #1",
    symbol: "CNFT",
    description: "A description about my custom NFT #1",
    seller_fee_basis_points: 500,
    external_url: "https://www.customnft.com/",
    attributes: [
      {
        trait_type: "NFT type",
        value: "Custom",
      },
    ],
    collection: {
      name: "Test Collection",
      family: "Custom NFTs",
    },
    properties: {
      files: [
        {
          uri: imageUrl,
          type: "image/png",
        },
      ],
      category: "image",
      maxSupply: 0,
      creators: [
        {
          address: "CBBUMHRmbVUck99mTCip5sHP16kzGj3QTYB8K3XxwmQx",
          share: 100,
        },
      ],
    },
    image: imageUrl,
  };

  const metadataString = JSON.stringify(metadata);

  const metadataTransaction = await arweave.createTransaction({
    data: metadataString,
  });

  metadataTransaction.addTag("Content-Type", "application/json");

  await arweave.transactions.sign(metadataTransaction, wallet);

  console.log("metadata txid", metadataTransaction.id);

  const txnResult = await arweave.transactions.post(metadataTransaction);

  console.log(txnResult);
})();

Mint the NFT

import { createUmi } from "@metaplex-foundation/umi-bundle-defaults";
import {
  generateSigner,
  percentAmount,
  keypairIdentity,
} from "@metaplex-foundation/umi";
import { clusterApiUrl } from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
  createNft,
  fetchDigitalAsset,
  mplTokenMetadata,
} from "@metaplex-foundation/mpl-token-metadata";
import "dotenv/config";

(async () => {
  try {
    console.log("Loading keypair from environment...");
    const privateKey = JSON.parse(process.env.SOLANA_PRIVATE_KEY || "[]");
    if (privateKey.length === 0) {
      throw new Error("SOLANA_PRIVATE_KEY is not set in .env file");
    }

    console.log("Creating Umi instance...");
    const umi = createUmi(clusterApiUrl("devnet"));

    const keypair = umi.eddsa.createKeypairFromSecretKey(
      new Uint8Array(privateKey),
    );

    // Use keypairIdentity to set the keypair as the signer
    const signer = keypairIdentity(keypair);
    umi.use(signer);
    umi.use(mplTokenMetadata());

    console.log("Keypair loaded. Public key:", keypair.publicKey);

    console.log("Generating new mint address...");
    const mint = generateSigner(umi);

    console.log("Creating NFT...");
    const { signature } = await createNft(umi, {
      mint,
      name: "My NFT",
      // Replace this with your Arweave metadata URI
      uri: "https://ffaaqinzhkt4ukhbohixfliubnvpjgyedi3f2iccrq4efh3s.arweave.net/KUAIIbk6p8oo4XHRcq0U__C2r0mwQaNl0gQow4Qp9yk",
      maxSupply: 1,
      sellerFeeBasisPoints: percentAmount(0),
      creators: [
        {
          address: keypair.publicKey,
          share: 100,
          verified: true,
        },
      ],
    }).sendAndConfirm(umi);

    console.log("NFT created successfully!");
    console.log("Mint address:", mint.publicKey);
    console.log("Transaction signature:", signature);

    console.log("Fetching digital asset...");
    const asset = await fetchDigitalAsset(umi, mint.publicKey);
    console.log("Digital Asset:", asset);
  } catch (error) {
    console.error("Error:", error);
    console.error("Stack trace:", error.stack);
  }
})();

https://solana.com/zh/developers/cookbook/tokens/create-nft

您可以按所有者获取代币账户。有两种方法可以做到这一点。

1. 获取所有代币账户

import { clusterApiUrl, Connection, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
import { TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID } from "@solana/spl-token";

(async () => {
  // connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  const owner = new PublicKey("G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY");
  let response = await connection.getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner(owner, {
    programId: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
  });

  response.value.forEach(accountInfo => {
    console.log(`pubkey: ${accountInfo.pubkey.toBase58()}`);
    console.log(`mint: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["mint"]}`);
    console.log(
      `owner: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["owner"]}`,
    );
    console.log(
      `decimals: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["tokenAmount"]["decimals"]}`,
    );
    console.log(
      `amount: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["tokenAmount"]["amount"]}`,
    );
    console.log("====================");
  });
})();

2. 通过Mint过滤

import { clusterApiUrl, Connection, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  // connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  const owner = new PublicKey("G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY");
  const mint = new PublicKey("54dQ8cfHsW1YfKYpmdVZhWpb9iSi6Pac82Nf7sg3bVb");

  let response = await connection.getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner(owner, {
    mint: mint,
  });

  response.value.forEach(accountInfo => {
    console.log(`pubkey: ${accountInfo.pubkey.toBase58()}`);
    console.log(`mint: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["mint"]}`);
    console.log(
      `owner: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["owner"]}`,
    );
    console.log(
      `decimals: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["tokenAmount"]["decimals"]}`,
    );
    console.log(
      `amount: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["tokenAmount"]["amount"]}`,
    );
    console.log("====================");
  });
})();

https://solana.com/zh/developers/cookbook/tokens/get-all-token-accounts

Wrapped SOL 就像任何其他代币铸币一样。不同之处在于在地址syncNative 上专门使用和创建代币账户NATIVE_MINT。

创建代币账户

类似于创建 SPL 代币账户，但用 minus 替换NATIVE_MINT

import { NATIVE_MINT } from "@solana/spl-token";

添加余额

有两种方式可以为 Wrapped SOL 添加余额

1. 通过 SOL 转移

import {
  clusterApiUrl,
  Connection,
  Keypair,
  Transaction,
  SystemProgram,
  sendAndConfirmTransaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
  NATIVE_MINT,
  getAssociatedTokenAddress,
  createSyncNativeInstruction,
} from "@solana/spl-token";
import bs58 from "bs58";

(async () => {
  // connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  // 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8
  const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    bs58.decode(
      "588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2",
    ),
  );

  // G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY
  const alice = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    bs58.decode(
      "4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp",
    ),
  );

  // remember to create ATA first
  let ata = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(
    NATIVE_MINT, // mint
    alice.publicKey, // owner
  );

  let amount = 1 * 1e9; /* Wrapped SOL's decimals is 9 */

  let tx = new Transaction().add(
    // transfer SOL
    SystemProgram.transfer({
      fromPubkey: alice.publicKey,
      toPubkey: ata,
      lamports: amount,
    }),
    // sync wrapped SOL balance
    createSyncNativeInstruction(ata),
  );
  console.log(
    `txhash: ${await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, tx, [feePayer, alice])}`,
  );
})();

2. 通过代币转移

import {
  clusterApiUrl,
  Connection,
  Keypair,
  Transaction,
  SystemProgram,
  sendAndConfirmTransaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
  TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
  NATIVE_MINT,
  getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptAccount,
  getAssociatedTokenAddress,
  ACCOUNT_SIZE,
  createInitializeAccountInstruction,
  createTransferInstruction,
  createCloseAccountInstruction,
} from "@solana/spl-token";
import bs58 from "bs58";

(async () => {
  // connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  // 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8
  const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    bs58.decode(
      "588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2",
    ),
  );

  // G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY
  const alice = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    bs58.decode(
      "4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp",
    ),
  );

  // remember to create ATA first
  let ata = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(
    NATIVE_MINT, // mint
    alice.publicKey, // owner
  );

  let auxAccount = Keypair.generate();
  let amount = 1 * 1e9; /* Wrapped SOL's decimals is 9 */

  let tx = new Transaction().add(
    // create token account
    SystemProgram.createAccount({
      fromPubkey: alice.publicKey,
      newAccountPubkey: auxAccount.publicKey,
      space: ACCOUNT_SIZE,
      lamports:
        (await getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptAccount(connection)) + amount, // rent + amount
      programId: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
    }),
    // init token account
    createInitializeAccountInstruction(
      auxAccount.publicKey,
      NATIVE_MINT,
      alice.publicKey,
    ),
    // transfer WSOL
    createTransferInstruction(
      auxAccount.publicKey,
      ata,
      alice.publicKey,
      amount,
    ),
    // close aux account
    createCloseAccountInstruction(
      auxAccount.publicKey,
      alice.publicKey,
      alice.publicKey,
    ),
  );

  console.log(
    `txhash: ${await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, tx, [
      feePayer,
      auxAccount,
      alice,
    ])}`,
  );
})();

https://solana.com/zh/developers/cookbook/tokens/manage-wrapped-sol

撤销将设置委托为空，并将委托金额设置为 0。

import {
  clusterApiUrl,
  Connection,
  PublicKey,
  Keypair,
  Transaction,
  sendAndConfirmTransaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import { createRevokeInstruction, revoke } from "@solana/spl-token";
import bs58 from "bs58";

(async () => {
  // connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  // 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8
  const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    bs58.decode(
      "588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2",
    ),
  );

  // G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY
  const alice = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    bs58.decode(
      "4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp",
    ),
  );

  const tokenAccountPubkey = new PublicKey(
    "DRS5CSgPQp4uvPPcUA34tckfYFNUPNBJi77fVbnSfQHr",
  );

  // 1) use build-in function
  {
    let txhash = await revoke(
      connection, // connection
      feePayer, // payer
      tokenAccountPubkey, // token account
      alice, // owner of token account
    );
    console.log(`txhash: ${txhash}`);
  }

  // or

  // 2) compose by yourself
  {
    let tx = new Transaction().add(
      createRevokeInstruction(
        tokenAccountPubkey, // token account
        alice.publicKey, // owner of token account
      ),
    );
    console.log(
      `txhash: ${await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, tx, [
        feePayer,
        alice /* fee payer + origin auth */,
      ])}`,
    );
  }
})();

https://solana.com/zh/developers/cookbook/tokens/revoke-token-delegate